Free right internal thoracic artery as a second arterial conduit: modification of proximal anastomosis for improvement of graft patency.

The applicability of the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) for coronary artery bypass grafting is higher when used as a free graft than as a pedicled graft. However, the technical difficulty of directly connecting the proximal end of the free RITA to the much larger aorta leads to poor patency. To overcome this technical limitation, we have used a modification that places the proximal end of this artery onto the hood of an accompanying vein graft at the aortic anastomosis instead of directly onto the aorta. We performed isolated coronary artery bypass grafting on 43 patients using the free RITA as a second arterial graft following pedicled left internal thoracic artery grafting. The mean patient age was 60 years and 38 patients were male. There was no mortality and no incidence of morbidity related to free RITA use. Postoperative coronary angiography performed in all patients revealed that all proximal anastomoses were widely patent, making the patency rate of the free RITA 100%. With these encouraging results, the free RITA graft with the described modification is thought to be a more promising second arterial graft with greater versatility than the pedicled graft. The long-term evaluation of a large patient population will determine the significance of this modification.